Imfazwe phakathi kobukumkani nobukumkani yalungisa imiba ebalulekileyo nengabalulekanga.Iimfazwe zesiqhelo ziliwa ikakhulu kwiindawo ekungavisisaniswanga kuzo kwaye ngamanye amaxesha kumaqabane abiweyo.Intshona ye-Asiya yonakele ngenxa yongquzulwano lwe-oyile kunye nemida ephikisanayo.Nangona ezi zakhiwo zasemva kweMfazwe yeHlabathi yesiBini sele zisemphethweni, iinkqubo ezisekwe kwimithetho yehlabathi ziya zinyanzela amazwe ukuba abandakanyeke kumlo ongaqhelekanga.Imfazwe entsha engaqhelekanga ye-geo-economic iye yadakumba.Njengayo yonke enye into kweli hlabathi lidityanisiweyo, i-Indiya inyanzelekile ukuba ibandakanyeke kwaye inyanzeliswe ukuba ikhethe isikhundla, kodwa ungquzulwano lujongele phantsi ukubaluleka kwayo okubalulekileyo kunye nesicwangciso.Amandla ezoqoqosho.Kwimeko yongquzulwano oluthatha ixesha elide, ukunqongophala kokulungiselela kungayilimaza kakhulu iIndiya.
Iitshiphusi zeSemiconductor ziba zincinci kwaye zintsonkothe ngakumbi minyaka le, zibangela ubutshaba phakathi kwamagunya amakhulu.Ezi chips zesilicon ziyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yehlabathi lanamhlanje, enokukhuthaza umsebenzi, ukuzonwabisa, unxibelelwano, ukhuselo lwelizwe, uphuhliso lwezonyango, njalo njalo.Ngelishwa, i-semiconductors iye yaba yindawo yokulwa ye-proxy yeengxabano eziqhutywa yitekhnoloji phakathi kwe-China ne-United States, ngawo onke amandla amakhulu azama ukubamba ulawulo lobuchule.Njengamanye amazwe amaninzi anelishwa, iIndiya ibonakala iphantsi kwezibane.
Ubume besiphithiphithi baseIndiya sinokuzekeliswa kakuhle yintetho entsha.Njengazo zonke iingxaki zangaphambili, i-cliché entsha yenziwe imali kwingxabano eqhubekayo: i-semiconductors yioli entsha.Lo mzekeliso weza nelizwi elingathandekiyo eIndiya.Kanye njengokusilela ukulungisa oovimba bobuchule belizwe kumashumi eminyaka, urhulumente waseIndiya uye wasilela ukuseka iqonga lokwenziwa kwe-semiconductor elisebenzayo laseIndiya okanye ukukhusela isixokelelwano sokubonelela ngechipset.Njengoko ilizwe lixhomekeke kubuchwepheshe bolwazi (IT) kunye neenkonzo ezinxulumeneyo ukuze lifumane impembelelo ye-geo-economic, oku kuyamangalisa.Kule minyaka ingamashumi amabini idlulileyo, i-India ibixoxa ngesiseko se-fab, kodwa akukho nkqubela yenziweyo.
I-Ofisi yoBumemo boMbane noShishino iphinde yamema injongo yokuvakalisa injongo yayo “yokuseka/ekwandiseni amaziko akhoyo e-semiconductor wafer/ukwenziwa kwesixhobo e-Indiya okanye ukufumana iifektri ze-semiconductor ngaphandle kwe-Indiya” ukuze baqalise le nkqubo.Olunye ukhetho olusebenzayo kukufumana iziseko ezikhoyo (ezininzi zazo zavalwa kwihlabathi jikelele kunyaka ophelileyo, kunye nezintathu e-China kuphela) kwaye emva koko udlulisele iqonga eIndiya;nangona kunjalo, kuya kuthatha iminyaka emibini ukuya kwemithathu ukugqiba.Imikhosi etywiniweyo inokududulelwa ngasemva.
Kwangelo xesha, iimpembelelo ezimbini ze-geopolitics kunye nokuphazamiseka kwekhonkco lokubonelela okubangelwa ngubhubhane kuye kwenzakalise amashishini ahlukeneyo eIndiya.Ngokomzekelo, ngenxa yomonakalo kwipayipi yokubonelela nge-chip, umgca wokuhanjiswa kwenkampani yemoto uye wandiswa.Uninzi lweemoto zanamhlanje zixhomekeke kumlinganiselo omkhulu kwimisebenzi eyahlukeneyo ephambili yeechips kunye nezixhobo zombane.Kuyafana nakweyiphi na enye imveliso ene-chipset njengengundoqo.Nangona ii-chips ezindala zingakwazi ukulawula imisebenzi ethile, kwizicelo ezibalulekileyo ezifana ne-intelligence intelligence (AI), iinethiwekhi ze-5G okanye iiplatifomu zokukhusela ezicwangcisiweyo, imisebenzi emitsha engaphantsi kwe-nanometers ye-10 (nm) iya kufuneka.Okwangoku, kukho abavelisi abathathu kuphela emhlabeni abanokuvelisa i-10nm nangaphantsi: I-Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company (TSMC), i-Samsung yaseMzantsi Korea kunye ne-Intel yaseMelika.Njengoko inkqubo yobunzima ikhula ngokukhawuleza kwaye ukubaluleka kweqhinga kwee-chips eziyinkimbinkimbi (i-5nm kunye ne-3nm) kuyanda, ezi nkampani zintathu kuphela ezinokuzisa iimveliso.I-United States izama ukuqulatha inkqubela yezobuchwepheshe yaseTshayina ngokusebenzisa izohlwayo kunye nemiqobo yorhwebo.Xa kudityaniswa nokulahlwa kwezixhobo zaseTshayina kunye neetshiphusi ngamazwe anobuhlobo nanobubele, lo mbhobho ucuthekayo uyacudiswa ngakumbi.
Kwixesha elidlulileyo, izinto ezimbini zithintele utyalo-mali kwiifabs zaseIndiya.Okokuqala, ukwakha i-wafer fab ekhuphisanayo kufuna isixa esikhulu sotyalo-mali olukhulu.Ngokomzekelo, i-Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company (TSMC) ithembise ukutyala imali ye-US $ 2-2.5 yebhiliyoni ukuvelisa iitshiphusi ezingaphantsi kwe-nanometers ezili-10 kumzi-mveliso omtsha e-Arizona, eU.SA.Ezi chips zifuna umatshini okhethekileyo we-lithography oxabisa ngaphezu kwe-150 yezigidi zeedola.Ukuqokelela imali eninzi ngolo hlobo kusekelwe kumthengi kunye nemfuno yeemveliso ezigqityiweyo.Ingxaki yesibini yaseIndiya kukungonelanga nokungacingelwa kobonelelo lweziseko ezingundoqo ezifana nombane, amanzi kunye nolungiselelo.
Kukho into yesithathu efihliweyo efihliweyo ngasemva: ukungaqiniseki kwezenzo zikarhulumente.Njengabo bonke oorhulumente bangaphambili, lo rhulumente ukhoyo ngoku naye ubonakalise ukungxama kunye nobuzwilakhe.Abatyali-mali bafuna ukuqinisekiswa kwexesha elide kwisakhelo somgaqo-nkqubo.Kodwa oku akuthethi ukuba urhulumente akanamsebenzi.Zombini i-China kunye ne-United States zibaluleke ngokweqhinga kwii-semiconductors.Isigqibo se-TSMC sotyalo-mali e-Arizona saqhutywa ngurhulumente wase-US ukongeza kukungenelela korhulumente waseTshayina owaziwayo kwicandelo le-IT yelizwe.I-Veteran Democrat u-Chuck Schumer (uChuck Schumer) okwangoku kwi-Senate yase-US kwintsebenziswano ye-bipartisan ukubonelela ngeenkxaso-mali zombuso kwiinkampani ezityala imali kwiifabs, i-5G networks, intelligence intelligence kunye ne-quantum computing.
Okokugqibela, ingxoxo inokuba yimveliso okanye ukuthengisa ngaphandle.Kodwa, okona kubaluleke kakhulu, urhulumente waseIndiya kufuneka angenelele kwaye athathe amanyathelo amabini, nokuba inomdla wobuqu, ukuqinisekisa ubukho bekhonkco lokubonelela nge-bargaining chip, nokuba ithini na.Oku kufuneka ibe yindawo yayo yesiphumo esingundoqo esingaxoxisiyo.
URajrishi Singhal ngumcebisi womgaqo-nkqubo, intatheli kunye nombhali.Isibambo sakhe sikaTwitter ngu @rajrishisanghal.
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Ixesha lokuposa: Mar-29-2021